And procedures described in this study were Octapressin manufacturer approved and in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments of Shandong University.Human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs)Umbilical cords were obtained under sterile conditions from full-term infants delivered by caesarean section from obstetrical department of the second hospital of Shandong University with donors’ written informed consent. Human tissue collection for research was approved by the institutional review board of the Shandong University and the Second Hospital of Shandong University. MSCs were isolated from umbilical cord according to the protocol [31,34]. In brief, the cords were washed by PBS. The vessels were removed to retain the Wharton’s jelly. The Wharton’s jelly was cut into 1mm3 pieces and then put the pieces on the bottom of tissue culture dishes for two hours at 37 and 5 carbon dioxide incubator, then added about 15ml Cucurbitacin I chemical information medium containing DMEM (low glucose) supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum (FBS, Invitrogen), 1 L-glutamine and 1 Penicillin-Streptomycin for 7 days at 37 and 5 carbon dioxide incubator. After 7 days, the pieces were removed and the primary cells were passaged by 1-min treatment with 0.25 trypsin and 0.02 EDTA at 37 . The cell culture was maintained at 37 in an incubator with 5 (v/v) CO2. The medium was changed every 3 days. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs were passaged when reached 90 confluences by 1min treatment with 0.25 trypsin and 0.02 EDTA at 37 . All UC-MSCs used in the experiment were controlled within passage 3-6.UC-MSCs co-cultured with spleen lymphocytesSpleen lymphocytes were isolated from the spleens of Tg mice according to the 1315463 protocol [35]. In brief, the spleens were removed from APPswe/PS1dE9 double mice (n=10) of 6 months age. Single cell suspensions were made by mincing and grinding the spleen through a 40- nylon cell strainer (Coring, USA). Mononuclear cells were harvested using mouse spleenocyte separation medium (Dakewe, China). The spleen lymphocytes were cultured in advanced RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10 FBS, 1 L-glutamine and 1 Penicillin-Streptomycin. UC-MSCs (1?05) were plated on the 12-well plate overnight. The lymphocytes were co-cultured in the 12-well plate at the density of 5?05/well/ml with UC-MSCs at the ratio of 1:5 (UC-MSCs: spleen lymphocytes) or without UC-MSCs in the medium for spleen lymphocytes in vitro for 3 days. Each experiment was performed in triplicate.Methods and MaterialsFlow analysis MiceHeterozygous APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic (Tg) mice (n=40) and C57BL6 mice (n=15) as wild type (WT) control (male, 6 months old) were obtained from Beijing HFK BioFlow analysis was performed according to the protocol described by Yong Zhao [24]. The antibodies used in the experiments were: Anti-Mouse APC-conjugated CD4 and AntiMouse PE-conjugated CD25 (eBioscience, USA). For flowTregs Improved Impaired Cognition of ADanalysis, the suspending lymphocytes were firstly harvested from co-culture medium by centrifugation, then washed with PBS with 0.2 FBS. After washing, the suspending cells were incubated with antibodies at 4 23977191 for 30 min. After counting the number of cells, the cells were washed with cold PBS prior to flow analysis.Isolation of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cellsThe spleen lymphocytes after with or without UC-MSCs education for 3 days in vitro were harvested for isolation of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells using MACS cell separation with CD4.And procedures described in this study were approved and in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments of Shandong University.Human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs)Umbilical cords were obtained under sterile conditions from full-term infants delivered by caesarean section from obstetrical department of the second hospital of Shandong University with donors’ written informed consent. Human tissue collection for research was approved by the institutional review board of the Shandong University and the Second Hospital of Shandong University. MSCs were isolated from umbilical cord according to the protocol [31,34]. In brief, the cords were washed by PBS. The vessels were removed to retain the Wharton’s jelly. The Wharton’s jelly was cut into 1mm3 pieces and then put the pieces on the bottom of tissue culture dishes for two hours at 37 and 5 carbon dioxide incubator, then added about 15ml medium containing DMEM (low glucose) supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum (FBS, Invitrogen), 1 L-glutamine and 1 Penicillin-Streptomycin for 7 days at 37 and 5 carbon dioxide incubator. After 7 days, the pieces were removed and the primary cells were passaged by 1-min treatment with 0.25 trypsin and 0.02 EDTA at 37 . The cell culture was maintained at 37 in an incubator with 5 (v/v) CO2. The medium was changed every 3 days. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs were passaged when reached 90 confluences by 1min treatment with 0.25 trypsin and 0.02 EDTA at 37 . All UC-MSCs used in the experiment were controlled within passage 3-6.UC-MSCs co-cultured with spleen lymphocytesSpleen lymphocytes were isolated from the spleens of Tg mice according to the 1315463 protocol [35]. In brief, the spleens were removed from APPswe/PS1dE9 double mice (n=10) of 6 months age. Single cell suspensions were made by mincing and grinding the spleen through a 40- nylon cell strainer (Coring, USA). Mononuclear cells were harvested using mouse spleenocyte separation medium (Dakewe, China). The spleen lymphocytes were cultured in advanced RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10 FBS, 1 L-glutamine and 1 Penicillin-Streptomycin. UC-MSCs (1?05) were plated on the 12-well plate overnight. The lymphocytes were co-cultured in the 12-well plate at the density of 5?05/well/ml with UC-MSCs at the ratio of 1:5 (UC-MSCs: spleen lymphocytes) or without UC-MSCs in the medium for spleen lymphocytes in vitro for 3 days. Each experiment was performed in triplicate.Methods and MaterialsFlow analysis MiceHeterozygous APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic (Tg) mice (n=40) and C57BL6 mice (n=15) as wild type (WT) control (male, 6 months old) were obtained from Beijing HFK BioFlow analysis was performed according to the protocol described by Yong Zhao [24]. The antibodies used in the experiments were: Anti-Mouse APC-conjugated CD4 and AntiMouse PE-conjugated CD25 (eBioscience, USA). For flowTregs Improved Impaired Cognition of ADanalysis, the suspending lymphocytes were firstly harvested from co-culture medium by centrifugation, then washed with PBS with 0.2 FBS. After washing, the suspending cells were incubated with antibodies at 4 23977191 for 30 min. After counting the number of cells, the cells were washed with cold PBS prior to flow analysis.Isolation of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cellsThe spleen lymphocytes after with or without UC-MSCs education for 3 days in vitro were harvested for isolation of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells using MACS cell separation with CD4.