Increases as a result of a lower within the energy harvested by person
Increases as a consequence of a reduce inside the energy harvested by individual PRUs as well as the distinction in the power consumed by person PRUs (refer to Figure 8). In contrast, when the numbers of PRUs are bigger than ten and 14, respectively, the fairness index for residual energy of REE-MAC increases because the number of PRUs increases. Because the variety of PRUs increases, the energy harvested by person PRUs decreases, and the number of PRUs within the freezing state increases accordingly. PRUs in the freezing state execute only WET operations until their residual power reaches the active threshold. As a result, as the residual power of lots of PRUs in the freezing state GNE-371 In stock approaches the active threshold, the fairness index for residual power increases.2 xi i Fres n , n xii(23)Sensors 2021, 21,exactly where n is the variety of PRUs and x i would be the fairness parameter, which represents the residual power from the i-th PRU.18 of(a)(b)Figure ten. Fairness index for residual power: (a) packet sizesize100100 bytes; packet size of 200200 bytes. Figure ten. Fairness index for residual power: (a) packet of of bytes; (b) (b) packet size of bytes.Nevertheless, in FF-WPT and HE-MAC, the fairness index for residual energy decreases as the quantity of PRUs within the network increases. As depicted in Figure 7, the gap in transmission possibilities between PRUs increases as the typical freezing time of PRUs increases. This gap increases the difference between the energy consumed by individual PRUs. As a result, the fairness index for residual energy progressively decreases as the distinction amongst the residual energy of individual PRUs increases. Quantitatively, when the PRUs PF-05105679 web transmit 100- and 200-byte packets, the fairness index for residual power of REE-MAC is 95.34 and 116.23 higher than that of FF-WPT, respectively. It is also 165.88 and 276.00 greater compared with that of HE-MAC, respectively. Figure 11a,b illustrate the fairness index for throughput for 100- and 200-byte packets, respectively. The fairness index for throughput (Fth ) might be calculated by Equation (24). y2 i Fth =i nn y2 ii =n,(24)se the average freezing time of PRUs increases because of the lower inside the energy vested by person PRUs. HE-MAC exhibits a larger fairness index for throughput than FF-WPT no matter packet size. In HE-MAC, PRUs that happen to be not within the freezing state retain similar reSensors 2021, the harvest-then-transmit scheme, and hence they have a comparatively 19 of 21 ual energy by means of 21, 7617 ilar transmission opportunity. Quantitatively, when the PRUs transmit 100- and byte packets, the fairness index for throughput of REE-MAC is 98.58 and 91.80 her than that of FF-WPT, respectively. It’s also 44.46 and 55.91 greater compared exactly where n could be the variety of PRUs and yi is definitely the fairness parameter indicating the number of h HE-MAC, respectively. information packets that the i-th PRU transmits for the PTU. (a)(a)(b)Figure (a) packet size of for throughput: (a) size of 200 bytes. Figure 11. Fairness index for throughput: 11. Fairness index100 bytes; (b) packetpacket size of one hundred bytes; (b) packet size ofIn every single case5. Conclusions of 100- and 200-byte packets, REE-MAC maintains the fairness index for throughputs of 0.924 and 0.956 or greater, respectively, regardless of the amount of PRUs. This paper presents the REE-MAC protocol for WPSNs, which aims to Because the quantity of PRUs increases, the power harvested by person PRUs decreases and overhead due to handle messages for scheduling the WET operation and prov the distinction.