Ncreasing temperature. (a) Magnetic phase images. The colour scale is frequent to all pictures and scale bars represent nm. Around the phase image recorded at (d) are displayed the isophase lines parallel for the induction linesthe narrowing corresponds to a regional enhance of the phase variation and also the appearance of ferromagnetic domains. The two dotted lines in to the MgO element are centred on two ferromagnetic domains along with the double arrow between them corresponds towards the approximate width with the enclosed antiferromagnetic domain. The regions enclosed by the white rectangles for phase MedChemExpress XG-102 images at (b), (d) and (f) are utilised for micromagnetic simulations presented Fig (j) Phase profiles extracted for unique temperatures along the upper interface (massive arrow on the magnetic phase image obtained at ).Evolution with the transition with FeRh layer depth. EH allows for a deeper regional analysis with the AFMFM transition by extracting the magnetic details originating from smaller sized areas on the FeRh crosssectional view (see Supplementary Fig. b). The evolution with the temperature transition along the development direction has then been studied applying a rectangular mask with dimension x nm and y nm elongated parallel towards the interface together with the MgO substrate. The area enclosed by the mask was shifted by nm along the y direction and, for each position, a total loop Mx was extracted. Figure a presents the evolution on the AFMFM transition in the bottom interface to the top surface utilizing the heating temperature series (holograms from to ). The initial nm close to each interfaces have been excluded PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15264996 simply because of artefacts inside the data processing. The primary result will be the proof of the heterogeneity of the transitionclose to the interfaces, especially close towards the top rated surface, the magnetic transition in the AFM state towards the FM state begins at considerably decrease temperature and is spread over a wider range of temperature than inside the middle in the layer. The profile of TT along the development path 
has been extracted from Fig. a and is shown in Fig. cTT is reduce close for the interfaces than inside the middle in the layer using a distinction up to . The core from the layer presents a nm plateau using a mean worth of TT slightly reduced than . TT decreases towards the interfaces down to over a width of to nm. The transition width DT has been defined as the temperature variety corresponding to an integrated induction between . and T. By superimposing DT and TT profiles as a function in the position in the film, a clear match occursthe reduced TT, the wider the transition. Related outcomes are obtained studying the cooling series. Preceding studies have shown for thin films that a FM state was stabilized plus the transition temperature measured macroscopically evolved but the origin remained not totally understood. When the presence of interfaces is considered to be at the origin of these experimental final results,,, the strain effect,, is also suspected to play a function. The properties of interfaces, in certain with JNJ16259685 custom synthesis capping layers, have been broadly investigated in FeRh films, notably making use of XMCDPEEM experiments. The occurrence of a persistent FM state in massive surface areas near the surface, based on the nature with the capping layer, was hence demonstrated,,,. In our case, the interdiffusion from the ink layer is most likely very limited and has no effect, since it was deposited at room temperature and the maximum temperature the method reached is . Any structural defects have already been observed in the FeRh laye.Ncreasing temperature. (a) Magnetic phase pictures. The colour scale is widespread to all photos and scale bars represent nm. Around the phase image recorded at (d) are displayed the isophase lines parallel for the induction linesthe narrowing corresponds to a local improve on the phase variation along with the look of ferromagnetic domains. The two dotted lines into the MgO aspect are centred on two ferromagnetic domains as well as the double arrow involving them corresponds towards the approximate width on the enclosed antiferromagnetic domain. The regions enclosed by the white rectangles for phase images at (b), (d) and (f) are made use of for micromagnetic simulations presented Fig (j) Phase profiles extracted for diverse temperatures along the upper interface (huge arrow on the magnetic phase image obtained at ).Evolution in the transition with FeRh layer depth. EH enables for a deeper local analysis with the AFMFM transition by extracting the magnetic info originating from smaller locations in the FeRh crosssectional view (see Supplementary Fig. b). The evolution in the temperature transition along the growth 
path has then been studied making use of a rectangular mask with dimension x nm and y nm elongated parallel for the interface with all the MgO substrate. The region enclosed by the mask was shifted by nm along the y direction and, for each and every position, a full loop Mx was extracted. Figure a presents the evolution in the AFMFM transition in the bottom interface for the best surface making use of the heating temperature series (holograms from to ). The first nm close to each interfaces happen to be excluded PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15264996 for the reason that of artefacts in the data processing. The main result is the evidence with the heterogeneity on the transitionclose towards the interfaces, particularly close for the prime surface, the magnetic transition from the AFM state towards the FM state begins at much decrease temperature and is spread over a wider range of temperature than within the middle of your layer. The profile of TT along the growth direction has been extracted from Fig. a and is shown in Fig. cTT is reduce close to the interfaces than inside the middle of the layer having a distinction up to . The core of the layer presents a nm plateau using a imply worth of TT slightly reduced than . TT decreases towards the interfaces down to more than a width of to nm. The transition width DT has been defined because the temperature variety corresponding to an integrated induction in between . and T. By superimposing DT and TT profiles as a function on the position in the film, a clear match occursthe reduce TT, the wider the transition. Comparable final results are obtained studying the cooling series. Earlier research have shown for thin films that a FM state was stabilized along with the transition temperature measured macroscopically evolved but the origin remained not completely understood. If the presence of interfaces is thought of to become in the origin of these experimental final results,,, the pressure impact,, is also suspected to play a function. The properties of interfaces, in unique with capping layers, happen to be widely investigated in FeRh films, notably working with XMCDPEEM experiments. The occurrence of a persistent FM state in big surface areas close to the surface, based on the nature with the capping layer, was therefore demonstrated,,,. In our case, the interdiffusion on the ink layer is most likely quite restricted and has no impact, as it was deposited at area temperature and also the maximum temperature the technique reached is . Any structural defects have been seen in the FeRh laye.