Arson correlation coefficient (r) in the estimated soil heat flux working with the traditional (acon ) and parameterized (asup ) GNE-371 Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Surface albedo models combined with brightness temperature (Tb ) and surface temperature corrected by the Barsi model (Tsbarsi ), the single-channel model (TsSC ), the radiative transfer equation model (TsRTE ), and the split-window model (TsSW ). Values with indicate p-value 0.001. Typical IC W Measured ET Model Combination Tb Tsbarsi TsSC TsRTE TsSW Tb Tsbarsi TsSC TsRTE TsSW 2.69 0.38 2.72 0.40 2.79 0.42 2.76 0.39 three.12 0.49 2.90 0.39 2.95 0.43 3.05 0.44 3.00 0.42 3.18 0.47 0.42 0.39 0.38 0.39 0.35 0.32 0.29 0.28 0.30 0.35 13.07 12.45 12.23 12.48 13.23 11.36 ten.98 11.14 12.42 13.23 0.50 0.46 0.43 0.45 0.44 0.37 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.44 0.92 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.92 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.92 m-2 3.00 0.50 MAE W m-2 MAPE RMSE W m-2 d raconasup4. Discussion four.1. Surface Albedo Models Performance The surface albedo model (asup ) developed in this study performed well in comparison with the traditional one particular (acon ). The RMSE primarily based on asup was significantly less than 0.03 essential by climate forecasting models [18] and inside the selection of 0.01.02 found in prior studies [18,56]. The biggest discrepancies shown by acon as indicated inside the reported MAE and RMSE canSensors 2021, 21,17 ofbe due many components that consist of (i) the broad spectrum or broadband transmittance becoming inadequate for the atmospheric correction in the composition of discrete bands; (ii) not considering the variations in atmospheric transmissivity for every single band; and (iii) the non-correspondence of the narrow and wide bands with solar radiation around the surface [14]. The asup inside the four land kinds was inside the variety identified in other studies. The asup more than agricultural locations ranged from 0.14 to 0.18 [56,57]; from 0.15 to 0.20 over urban regions because of the complexity of mixtures of built-up location and vegetation in backyards and streets [58]; from 0.11 to 0.13 more than the Cerrado forest [57,59]; and from 0.05 to 0.07 more than water bodies depending around the composition of your water [58,59]. The acon of water bodies was higher than 0.10, which is above the values obtained within the lakes of your region [59]. 4.2. Evaluation of Ts Retrieval Models Generally, the distinction between Tb and Ts varies among 1 and 5 K within the 102 spectral area, topic to the influence of atmospheric conditions and surface emissivity [60]. For mathematical comfort, the TOA thermal radiation is usually expressed when it comes to Tb with an emissivity of 1.0 [61]. The TOA radiance would be the result of radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, upward radiation emitted by the atmosphere, and downward radiation emitted by the atmosphere [62]. The TOA radiation is largely attenuated by water vapor and, to a lesser extent, by trace gases and aerosols [63,64]. In this study, Tsbarsi was utilized as a reference to MAC-VC-PABC-ST7612AA1 Description validate Tb , TsSC , TsRTE , and TsSW , because previous research indicated Tsbarsi primarily based on Landsat had somewhat low MAE and RMSE values low (ranging among 0.two and two.5 K) when compared to the field measurements of Ts that were taken over diverse land surface forms represented by the Surface Radiation Price range (SURFRAD) Network (https://gml.noaa.gov/grad/surfrad/ accessed on 10 August 2021) during different atmospheric profiles [658]. Moreover, the improved performance of Tsbarsi is related using the robustness of your MODTRAN algorithm and also the inte.