Ce for ultrafast polarisation switching and dynamic beam splitting. Nevertheless, the dynamic phase shift can also be quite restricted (only 53 ). As a result, determined by transmissive metasurfaces that make use of resonance frequency shifts through tuning the materials, there’s a trade-off between the dynamic phase shift and the transmittance, and a big dynamic transmission phase shift above 180 has not been reported to date. Yet another extensively adopted design strategy for terahertz phase modulators would be to make use of a reflective metasurface according to excellent absorption. One example is, Miao et al. [25] demonstrated a wide-phase modulation range of 243 with gate-controlled reflective Fmoc-Gly-Gly-OH Formula graphene metasurfaces. Liu and Bai [26] proposed a graphene metasurface and numerically obtained dynamic phase modulation of 180 . Depending on graphene metasurfaces Kakenov et al. [27] and Tamagnone et al. [28], respectively, demonstrated a voltage-controlled terahertz phase modulation of . Not too long ago, Zhang et al. [29] proposed a graphene etal hybrid metasurface and obtained dynamic phase modulation of up to 295 at a frequency of 4.5 THz. Despite the fact that these reflective metasurfaces determined by great absorption can realize a a great deal bigger dynamic phase range than the transmissive metasurfaces depending on resonance frequency shifts, the reflectance is very limited (typically significantly less than ten ). Hence, depending on the above two design techniques, it remains challenging to achieve a complete 360 phase modulation when maintaining higher transmittance/reflectance. On the other hand, in most applications such as tuneable metalens [30,31], beam steering [32,33], switchable wave-plates [346] and polarisation control [37,38], dynamic phase modulation covering the complete 360 at the same time as higher reflectance/transmittance are extremely desirable. So that you can tackle the challenge from the limited dynamic phase modulation variety and comparatively low reflectance/transmittance, Zhu et al. [39] proposed and demonstrated a many resonance metasurface for offering 360 phase variation within the IL-4 Protein site microwave regime. Liu et al. [40] subsequently proposed a graphene metasurface composed of two resonators to achieve a dynamic two phase modulation and meanwhile, a higher reflectance of 56 inside the terahertz regime. Similarly, Ma et al. [41] also proposed stacked graphene metasurfaces and a numerically obtained dynamic reflection phase covering a range of almost two although maintaining high reflectance within the far-infrared regime. Despite the fact that these benefits are encouraging, the two closely packed graphene patch resonators in the terahertz metasurface unit cell in ref. [40] are isolated and thus it’s tough to tune the Fermi levels independently. To sum up, complete 360 phase modulation is really a fundamental and indispensable step for loads of terahertz applications but 1 that remains challenging. Within this function, we propose a graphene etal hybrid metasurface determined by double resonances in order to achieve full 360 dynamic phase modulation with relatively higher reflectance–above 20 inside the terahertz regime. The metasurface unit cell is composed of gold and graphene hybrid structures constructed on a reflective substrate sandwiched by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) spacer layer. Distinct from the two closely packed graphene patch resonators in ref. [40], the graphene patches within this perform are connected to the source/drain electrode via the gold stripes, facilitating the gate tuning of the Fermi levels of each row of graphene stripes, as illustrated in Figure 1. Simulation outcomes will show.