Rawing of experimental gear.(a)(b)(c)Figure 10.10. Images thethe faulty
Rawing of experimental equipment.(a)(b)(c)Figure 10.ten. Pictures thethe faulty bearings: (a) IRF, (b) ORF and (c) BF. Figure Images of of faulty bearings: (a) IRF, (b) ORF and (c) BF. Table 2. Size parameters of of bearings. Table 2. Size parameters bearings.Charybdotoxin MedChemExpress Roller Diameter Pitch Diameter Roller Diameter Pitch Diameter Variety of the Get in touch with Angle Quantity of the Decanoyl-L-carnitine Protocol Bearing Sort Speak to Angle Bearing Variety (mm) (mm) Roller (mm) (mm) Roller LYC6205E 7.94 7.94 39 39 99 0o0 LYC6205ETable 3. Bearing fault characteristic frequencies (Hz). Table three. Bearing fault characteristic frequencies (Hz).Rotating Entropy 2021, 23, x FOR PEER REVIEWRotating Frequency fr = 24.5 fr = 24.Frequency Inner Race Fault Outer Race Fault Ball Fault Cage Fault of 30 15 Inner Race Fault Outer Race Fault fi = 132.7 fo = 87.eight fb Ball Fault = 57.7 fcCage Fault = 9.fi = 132.7 fo = 87.eight fb = 57.7 fc = 9.Table 4. The detailed description of bearing datasets.Table 4. The detailed description of bearing datasets.Situation Label Bearing Fault Types ConditionLabelCondition 1 Situation 1 Condition two Condition two Condition three Condition 3 Condition 4 ConditionAmplitude (m/s two) Amplitude (m/s two) Amplitude (m/s two) Amplitude (m/s two)Variety of Quantity of Instruction Testing Class Label Variety of Number of Class Samples Bearing Fault Varieties Coaching Samples Testing Samples Label Samples Standard 1 Standard 50 50 5050 1 Inner race fault (IRF) 50 50 5050 two Inner race fault (IRF) two Outer race fault (ORF) 50 50 5050 3 Outer race fault (ORF) three Ball fault (BF) 50 50 4 Ball fault (BF) 50 50Normal Amplitude (m/s 2) Amplitude (m/s two) Amplitude (m/s two) Amplitude (m/s 2) Typical four 2 0 0 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (Hz) IRF100 0 00 0 0.2 0.four 0.six Time (s) IRF 0.8500 0 00 0 0.2 0.4 0.six Time (s) ORF 0.84 2 0 0 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (Hz) ORF500 0 00 0 0.2 0.four 0.6 Time (s) BF 0.84 two 0 0 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (Hz) BF500 0 00 0 0.2 0.four 0.6 Time (s) 0.84 two 0 0 2000 4000 6000 Frequency (Hz)Figure 11. Time domain waveform and amplitude spectrum of distinctive bearing vibration signal. Figure 11. Time domain waveform and amplitude spectrum of unique bearing vibration signal.5.1.two. Periodic Mode Component Extraction Determined by PAVME According to the flowchart from the proposed technique, the PAVME was firstly applied to preprocess the original bearing vibration signal, where its two crucial parameters (i.e., the penalty factor and mode center-frequency) were automatically determined by WOA. ItEntropy 2021, 23,15 of5.1.2. Periodic Mode Component Extraction Determined by PAVME In line with the flowchart from the proposed approach, the PAVME was firstly applied to preprocess the original bearing vibration signal, exactly where its two key parameters (i.e., the penalty aspect and mode center-frequency) had been automatically determined by WOA. It needs to be noted that normal bearing signals have been not processed by PAVME. Table five lists the optimal mixture parameters of VME for different bearing fault signals. Figure 12 shows the time domain waveform and envelope spectrum of periodic mode elements obtained by PAVME for distinctive bearing fault signals. As shown inside the envelope spectrum of Figure 12, when bearing fault signals were analyzed by PAVME, 3 sorts of bearing fault feature frequencies (i.e., inner race fault function frequencies fi , outer race fault function frequencies fo and ball fault function frequencies fb ) and their harmonics might be clearly extracted, which indicates that the proposed PAVME is helpful in extracting periodic mode compo.