Acteristics of these individuals are shown in Table. individuals had been diagnosed with TPE, had malignt effusions, had parapneumonic effusions, and had effusions which had been classified as `Others’. On the instances, were attributed to congestive cardiac failure and had been undetermined. The sufferers with undetermined effusions had been followed up for up to 1 year on hospital discharge. had full resolution on the effusion with no recurrence whereas the third had residual pleural effusion but d-Bicuculline site declined further investigations. The majority of the individuals were male and Chinese . The imply age with the study population was yrs. The subgroup of TPE individuals had a decrease imply age using the majority age yrs and under. This contrasted together with the non TPE group who had a greater imply age and with only age yrs and beneath. Mean pleural fluid ADA was substantially higher in the TPE group in comparison with non TPE group ( IULTay and Tee BMC Infectious Diseases, : biomedcentral.comPage ofTable Baseline characteristicsAll Gender Male Race Chinese Malay Indian Other individuals Mean age (years) Quantity of sufferers with age years Quantity of individuals with age years Mean ADA level (IUL) TPE Non TPE vs IUL, p.). There was no statistically important distinction in pleural fluid ADA level in between the malignt, parapneumonic and otherroup, with imply ADA IUL, IUL and IUL TCV-309 (chloride) web respectively. Only patient was HIV positive , were HIV negative and HIV status was unknown in . There was no substantial difference in pleural fluid ADA level amongst genders. The Chinese appeared to have a lower mean pleural ADA in comparison with the Indians as well as other races, with ADA of IUL, IUL, and IUL respectively. Having said that, the difference in ADA levels noticed between the racial groups was most likely due to the lower proportion of TPE in Chinese in comparison with the Indians and also other races (., and. respectively). This explation was supported by subgroup alyses of TPE and non TPE sufferers which didn’t reveal any distinction in ADA levels amongst the racial groups. There was a moderate damaging correlation amongst age and pleural ADA, r p indicating that pleural fluid ADA decreases with age. There was also a moderate positive correlation among ADA and pleural protein, r p Weakly good correlations have been observed involving pleural fluid ADA and pleural lactate dehydrogese (LDH), r p and pleural absolute lymphocyte count, r p Peripheral blood white cell counts and lymphocytes count had negligible correlation with ADA with r p. and r p. respectively. We proceeded to alyse pleural fluid ADA levels inside the TPE and non TPE groups as shown in Table. In the TPE group, these age yrs had considerably lower pleural ADA levels than 
these yrs. When alysed as continuous variablesthere was weak adverse correlation between age and pleural fluid ADA with r p There was statistically considerable correlation involving ADA, pleural protein and pleural LDH, but not with pleural cell count and lymphocyte count.For non TPEpatients, there was significant unfavorable correlation 
amongst ADA and age, and constructive correlation with pleural protein, LDH, cell count and absolute lymphocyte count. Multivariate linear regression alysis was performed and we identified that the independent predictors of pleural fluid ADA had been age, pleural fluid protein, LDH, and absolute lymphocyte count. The receiver operating curve (ROC) for ADA was performed for our study population. The location below curve (AUC) was. ( CI..) (Figure ). ADA degree of IUL would possess a sensitivity of.Acteristics of those sufferers are shown in Table. sufferers had been diagnosed with TPE, had malignt effusions, had parapneumonic effusions, and had effusions which have been classified as `Others’. With the cases, were attributed to congestive cardiac failure and were undetermined. The patients with undetermined effusions had been followed up for as much as a single year on hospital discharge. had total resolution of the effusion with no recurrence whereas the third had residual pleural effusion but declined further investigations. Most of the patients were male and Chinese . The mean age from the study population was yrs. The subgroup of TPE sufferers had a reduce imply age with all the majority age yrs and below. This contrasted using the non TPE group who had a larger mean age and with only age yrs and beneath. Mean pleural fluid ADA was substantially larger within the TPE group compared to non TPE group ( IULTay and Tee BMC Infectious Diseases, : biomedcentral.comPage ofTable Baseline characteristicsAll Gender Male Race Chinese Malay Indian Others Mean age (years) Number of individuals with age years Number of individuals with age years Imply ADA level (IUL) TPE Non TPE vs IUL, p.). There was no statistically considerable distinction in pleural fluid ADA level between the malignt, parapneumonic and otherroup, with mean ADA IUL, IUL and IUL respectively. Only patient was HIV good , had been HIV damaging and HIV status was unknown in . There was no significant difference in pleural fluid ADA level amongst genders. The Chinese appeared to possess a reduce mean pleural ADA when compared with the Indians and also other races, with ADA of IUL, IUL, and IUL respectively. On the other hand, the difference in ADA levels seen in between the racial groups was likely due to the lower proportion of TPE in Chinese compared to the Indians as well as other races (., and. respectively). This explation was supported by subgroup alyses of TPE and non TPE individuals which did not reveal any difference in ADA levels among the racial groups. There was a moderate negative correlation in between age and pleural ADA, r p indicating that pleural fluid ADA decreases with age. There was also a moderate positive correlation amongst ADA and pleural protein, r p Weakly positive correlations have been observed in between pleural fluid ADA and pleural lactate dehydrogese (LDH), r p and pleural absolute lymphocyte count, r p Peripheral blood white cell counts and lymphocytes count had negligible correlation with ADA with r p. and r p. respectively. We proceeded to alyse pleural fluid ADA levels in the TPE and non TPE groups as shown in Table. Within the TPE group, those age yrs had significantly reduce pleural ADA levels than these yrs. When alysed as continuous variablesthere was weak unfavorable correlation in between age and pleural fluid ADA with r p There was statistically significant correlation between ADA, pleural protein and pleural LDH, but not with pleural cell count and lymphocyte count.For non TPEpatients, there was considerable damaging correlation involving ADA and age, and optimistic correlation with pleural protein, LDH, cell count and absolute lymphocyte count. Multivariate linear regression alysis was performed and we located that the independent predictors of pleural fluid ADA had been age, pleural fluid protein, LDH, and absolute lymphocyte count. The receiver operating curve (ROC) for ADA was performed for our study population. The location under curve (AUC) was. ( CI..) (Figure ). ADA degree of IUL would have a sensitivity of.