Ncomplete as well,missing genes for malate dehydrogenase,succinate dehydrogenase,and for the glyoxylate bypass (Figure. On the other hand,the loss of malate dehydrogenase could be compensated for by the presence of an NADP ependent malic enzyme (DCF_p). In spite of becoming incomplete,all intermediates within the cycle is usually synthesized from pyruvate and acetylCoA with an oxidative halfcycle to succinate as well as a reductive halfcycle to fumarate (Figure. In addition,all of those enzymes have been located expressed in strain PERK (Table S; tab. D. hafniense strain Y and DCB also appear to possess an incomplete TCA cycle,but is missing a various step,oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (Nonaka PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22932776 et al. Kim et al,which is present in these 5 Dehalobacter genomes (DCF_p to p).Amino Acid MetabolismThe genome annotation suggests that all Dehalobacter genomes possess complete biosynthesis Aucubin price pathways for all amino acids except serine,as well as the enzymes involved in these pathways have been detected by proteomic analysis in strain PERK (Table S; tabs ). In the genome annotation,Dehalobacter strains seem not have the ability to synthesize serine because the gene encoding phosphoserine phosphatase (EC .),the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in serine biosynthesis,is missing from all five Dehalobacter genomes (Figure. Despite the fact that Dehalobacter can acquire serine from glycine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC .),the gene encoding Lthreonine aldolase (EC .),which converts Lthreonine to glycine,is also not present within the genomes of strains CF and DCA (Figure. This defect in serine biosynthesis can also hamper the biosynthesis of cysteine and glycine (Figure. It isCentral Carbon MetabolismThe characterization with the 3 previously isolated Dehalobacter strains (Wild et al. Holliger et al. Sun et alFrontiers in Microbiology www.frontiersin.orgFebruary Volume ArticleTang et alparative Dehalobacter Genome AnalysisFIGURE Schematic of your central carbon metabolism and corrinoidheme biosynthesis of Dehalobacter sp. strain CF inferred from genome annotation. Enzymes involved inside the reactions are listed below with complete name and gene locus_tags from strain CF: PK,pyruvate kinase,p; PPDK,pyruvate,phosphate dikinase,p; FDH,formate dehydrogenase,p; FHL,formate hydrogenlyase,p; ACS,acetate:CoA ligase (AMPforming),p; PFL,pyruvate formatelyase,p p; PFO,pyruvateflavodoxin oxidoreductase,p or p; PCT,pyruvate carboxyl transferase,p; NDME,NADPdependent malic enzyme,p; CS,citrate synthase (si),p or p; AH,aconitate hydratase,p; ICDH,isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP],p; OGs,oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase,p; SCL,succinate:CoA ligase,p p; FH,fumarate hydratase,p p; SMHT,serine hydroxymethyltransferase,p. A red X on a pathway signifies the gene for the enzyme is just not discovered. GK,glucokinase; OAD,oxaloacetate decarboxylase; PSPH,phosphoserine phosphatase; SDH,succinate dehydrogenase; MDH,malate dehydrogenase; ICL,isocitrate lyase; MS,malate synthase; TAL,threonine aldolase.unclear if Dehalobacter strains are in a position to salvage serine from pyruvate by means of the reverse reaction of Lserine dehydratase (EC .). An option salvage mechanism will have to operate in Dehalobacter cells since the development of strain PERK only demands arginine,histidine,and threonine but not cysteine,glycine,or serine (Holliger et al.Organic Cofactors and their PrecursorsThe biosynthesis pathways for vital cofactors,such as terpenoid,menaquinone,riboflavin,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,folate,pantothenate,and pyridoxal phosphate,appear comprehensive in all D.