Soluble proteins containing 4 conserved cysteines which abundantly exist in the chemoreceptive organs and transmit chemical signals to nervous system [7?]. The CSP was first in Drosophila melanogaster and confirmed that CSPs are capable of binding a range of aliphatic compounds, esters and other long chain compounds that are typical components of pheromonal blends [7,9]. The first member of the CSP family was discovered more than a decade ago in Drosophila melanogaster and was called olfactory specific protein D (OS-D) due to its preferential expression in the antennae [9]. Later studies identified other members of this family in sensory appendages such as antennae, labial palps and legs in a variety of insects [10?1]. Several members of this class of protein have been described in insects of different orders,including Lepidoptera [11?9], Orthoptera [10,20?2], Hymenoptera [7,23?6], ASP-015K Diptera [27], Blattoidea [28?9], Phasmatodea [30?2], Hemiptera [33], etc. The function of CSPs as carrier proteins was strengthened by studies on the higher order structure of a CSP 
from Bombyx mori, which revealed a globular configuration of six alpha helices surrounding a hydrophobic binding pocket [34]. Recent studies confirmed that CSPs are capable of binding a range of aliphatic compounds, esters and other long chain compounds that are typical components of pheromonal blends [7,14?5,35]. The Spodoptera litura, is one major pest of agricultural crops in many Asia areas. It is a polyphagous pest and known about 150 host species [36?7]. The extensively use of synthesis pesticides has caused it to develop resistance against various chemicals. The residual pesticides have not only polluted the environment, but are also a threat to human life. And it is serious during the seedling stage, especially in JSI124 upland rice and other crucifer and it is also regarded as a very good target for the applications of rhodojaponin III [38]. Rhodojaponin III, a grayanoid diterpene compound isolated from the ower of Rhododendron molle, has been reported to have high levels of oviposition deterrent, antifeedant, contact and/ or stomach toxicity against more than 40 species of agricultural pests in laboratory bioassays and field trials [39?0]. However, theCharacterisation Binding Properties of CSPSlitmechanism of rhodojaponin III as an oviposition deterrent is yet poorly understood. The computer-aided structure-based study of molecular recognition is an important component of structure-based potential ligands screening [41?2]. The original DOCK algorithm addressed rigid body docking using a geometric matching algorithm to superimpose the ligand onto a negative image of the binding pocket [43?4]. A representative docking method is used to study these factors, namely, CDOCKER, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulated-annealing-based algorithm, which places a unique constraint on the development process [42]. The present study was designed to characterize and identify CSPSlit expression of the in Lepidoptera, S. litura, and the role of a grid representation of CSPSlit -rhodojaponin III interactions. We also intended to provide evidences to confirm the fundamental biological phenomena of CSPSlit and agricultural problems related to the S. litura.and GCC AGA AAT GTG GAA CCA GCT CTG C were used for 39 ACE. Using the 59- and 39-RACE cDNAs as templates, PCR was performed using the 5NlFoxA1 primer and Universal Primer Mix (UPM, Clontech) by denaturing at 95uC for 30 s, followed by 35 cycles o.Soluble proteins containing 4 conserved cysteines which abundantly exist in the chemoreceptive organs and transmit chemical signals to nervous system [7?]. The CSP was first in Drosophila melanogaster and confirmed that CSPs are capable of binding a range of aliphatic compounds, esters and other long chain compounds that are typical components of pheromonal blends [7,9]. 
The first member of the CSP family was discovered more than a decade ago in Drosophila melanogaster and was called olfactory specific protein D (OS-D) due to its preferential expression in the antennae [9]. Later studies identified other members of this family in sensory appendages such as antennae, labial palps and legs in a variety of insects [10?1]. Several members of this class of protein have been described in insects of different orders,including Lepidoptera [11?9], Orthoptera [10,20?2], Hymenoptera [7,23?6], Diptera [27], Blattoidea [28?9], Phasmatodea [30?2], Hemiptera [33], etc. The function of CSPs as carrier proteins was strengthened by studies on the higher order structure of a CSP from Bombyx mori, which revealed a globular configuration of six alpha helices surrounding a hydrophobic binding pocket [34]. Recent studies confirmed that CSPs are capable of binding a range of aliphatic compounds, esters and other long chain compounds that are typical components of pheromonal blends [7,14?5,35]. The Spodoptera litura, is one major pest of agricultural crops in many Asia areas. It is a polyphagous pest and known about 150 host species [36?7]. The extensively use of synthesis pesticides has caused it to develop resistance against various chemicals. The residual pesticides have not only polluted the environment, but are also a threat to human life. And it is serious during the seedling stage, especially in upland rice and other crucifer and it is also regarded as a very good target for the applications of rhodojaponin III [38]. Rhodojaponin III, a grayanoid diterpene compound isolated from the ower of Rhododendron molle, has been reported to have high levels of oviposition deterrent, antifeedant, contact and/ or stomach toxicity against more than 40 species of agricultural pests in laboratory bioassays and field trials [39?0]. However, theCharacterisation Binding Properties of CSPSlitmechanism of rhodojaponin III as an oviposition deterrent is yet poorly understood. The computer-aided structure-based study of molecular recognition is an important component of structure-based potential ligands screening [41?2]. The original DOCK algorithm addressed rigid body docking using a geometric matching algorithm to superimpose the ligand onto a negative image of the binding pocket [43?4]. A representative docking method is used to study these factors, namely, CDOCKER, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulated-annealing-based algorithm, which places a unique constraint on the development process [42]. The present study was designed to characterize and identify CSPSlit expression of the in Lepidoptera, S. litura, and the role of a grid representation of CSPSlit -rhodojaponin III interactions. We also intended to provide evidences to confirm the fundamental biological phenomena of CSPSlit and agricultural problems related to the S. litura.and GCC AGA AAT GTG GAA CCA GCT CTG C were used for 39 ACE. Using the 59- and 39-RACE cDNAs as templates, PCR was performed using the 5NlFoxA1 primer and Universal Primer Mix (UPM, Clontech) by denaturing at 95uC for 30 s, followed by 35 cycles o.