Icity of the MNPs in the long-term. Further detailed and extensive research are needed to resolve the effects of composition, morphology, size, shape, and structure of MNPs on their clearance and fate from a living organism. Additional advancing techniques including continuous microfluidic synthesis and biosynthesis will make a important contribution to tailor MNPs for safe and efficient clinical applications.Author Contributions: A.B. wrote the manuscript; R.B. and F.W. reviewed and edited the manuscript; perform was supervised by R.B.; and funding acquisition, R.B. and F.W. All authors have study and agreed to the published version of your manuscript.Bioengineering 2021, eight,15 ofFunding: This research was funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) inside the researchgrants “Core Facility: Metrology of Ultra-Low Magnetic Fields”, grant numbers KO 5321/3 and TR408/11″ as well as the collaborative research center “Matrix in Vision” (SFB 1340/1 2018, No 372486779, project A02). Economic support by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Investigation (BMBF), grant quantity 13XP5113, is gratefully acknowledged. A.B. thanks the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung to get a PhD fellowship supporting his operate related to this project. R.B. thanks the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft for the support within the Fraunhofer TALENTA program. This operate was furthermore supported within the framework in the Fraunhofer Lighthouse Project QMag. Institutional Assessment Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Acknowledgments: A lot of because of Helen Onyema for proof reading from the manuscript. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
bioengineeringReviewBioengineering of Extracellular Vesicles: Exosome-Based Next-Generation Therapeutic Approach in CancerPriyanka Saha, Suchisnigdha Datta, Sukanya Ghosh, Anurima Etofenprox Epigenetic Reader Domain Samanta, Paramita Ghosh and Dona Sinha Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India; [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (P.G.) Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: ++91-33-2476-5101 (ext. 327); Fax: +91-33-2475-Abstract: Extracellular nano vesicles and exosomes hold compelling proof in intercellular communication. Exosomal intracellular signal transduction is mediated by the transfer of cargo proteins, lipids, micro (mi)RNAs, long noncoding (lnc)RNAs, compact interfering (si)RNAs, DNA, along with other functional molecules that play a pivotal function in regulating tumor growth and metastasis. Even so, emerging analysis trends indicate that exosomes may very well be utilised as a promising tool in anticancer treatment. This assessment functions a majority in the bioengineering applications of fabricated exosomal cargoes. Additionally, it encompasses how the manipulation and delivery of precise cargoes–noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), recombinant proteins, immune-modulators, chemotherapeutic drugs, and other little molecules–may serve as a precise therapeutic strategy in cancer management.Citation: Saha, P.; Datta, S.; Ghosh, S.; Samanta, A.; Ghosh, P.; Sinha, D. Bioengineering of Extracellular Vesicles: Exosome-Based Next-Generation Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer. Bioengineering 2021, 8, 139. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/bioengineering8100139 Academic Editor: Prakash Gangadaran Received: 4 September 2021 Accepted: 5 O.